Yesaya 10:16-19

10:16 For this reason ¹  the sovereign master, the Lord who commands armies, will make his healthy ones emaciated. ²  His majestic glory will go up in smoke. ³ 

10:17 The light of Israel ⁴  will become a fire,

their Holy One ⁵  will become a flame;

it will burn and consume the Assyrian king’s ⁶  briers

and his thorns in one day.

10:18 The splendor of his forest and his orchard

will be completely destroyed, ⁷ 

as when a sick man’s life ebbs away. ⁸ 

10:19 There will be so few trees left in his forest,

a child will be able to count them. ⁹ 

Yesaya 37:24-36

37:24 Through your messengers you taunted the sovereign master, ¹⁰ 

‘With my many chariots I climbed up

the high mountains,

the slopes of Lebanon.

I cut down its tall cedars

and its best evergreens.

I invaded its most remote regions, ¹¹ 

its thickest woods.

37:25 I dug wells

and drank water. ¹² 

With the soles of my feet I dried up

all the rivers of Egypt.’

37:26 ¹³ Certainly you must have heard! ¹⁴ 

Long ago I worked it out,

in ancient times I planned ¹⁵  it,

and now I am bringing it to pass.

The plan is this:

Fortified cities will crash

into heaps of ruins. ¹⁶ 

37:27 Their residents are powerless; ¹⁷ 

they are terrified and ashamed.

They are as short-lived as plants in the field

or green vegetation. ¹⁸ 

They are as short-lived as grass on the rooftops ¹⁹ 

when it is scorched by the east wind. ²⁰ 

37:28 I know where you live

and everything you do

and how you rage against me. ²¹ 

37:29 Because you rage against me

and the uproar you create has reached my ears, ²² 

I will put my hook in your nose, ²³ 

and my bridle between your lips,

and I will lead you back

the way you came.”

37:30 ²⁴ “This will be your reminder that I have spoken the truth: ²⁵  This year you will eat what grows wild, ²⁶  and next year ²⁷  what grows on its own. But the year after that ²⁸  you will plant seed and harvest crops; you will plant vines and consume their produce. ²⁹  37:31 Those who remain in Judah will take root in the ground and bear fruit. ³⁰ 

37:32 “For a remnant will leave Jerusalem;

survivors will come out of Mount Zion.

The intense devotion of the Lord who commands armies ³¹  will accomplish this.

37:33 So this is what the Lord says about the king of Assyria:

‘He will not enter this city,

nor will he shoot an arrow here. ³² 

He will not attack it with his shielded warriors, ³³ 

nor will he build siege works against it.

37:34 He will go back the way he came –

he will not enter this city,’ says the Lord.

37:35 I will shield this city and rescue it for the sake of my reputation and because of my promise to David my servant.”’” ³⁴ 

37:36 The Lord’s messenger ³⁵  went out and killed 185,000 troops ³⁶  in the Assyrian camp. When they ³⁷  got up early the next morning, there were all the corpses! ³⁸ 

Yesaya 37:38

37:38 One day, ³⁹  as he was worshiping ⁴⁰  in the temple of his god Nisroch, ⁴¹  his sons Adrammelech and Sharezer struck him down with the sword. ⁴²  They ran away to the land of Ararat; his son Esarhaddon replaced him as king.

[10:16]  ¹ sn The irrational arrogance of the Assyrians (v. 15) will prompt the judgment about to be described.

[10:16]  ² tn Heb “will send leanness against his healthy ones”; NASB, NIV “will send a wasting disease.”

[10:16]  ³ tc Heb “and in the place of his glory burning will burn, like the burning of fire.” The highly repetitive text (יֵקַד יְקֹד כִּיקוֹד אֵשׁ, yeqad yiqod kiqod ’esh) may be dittographic; if the second consonantal sequence יקד is omitted, the text would read “and in the place of his glory, it will burn like the burning of fire.”

[10:17]  ⁴ tn In this context the “Light of Israel” is a divine title (note the parallel title “his holy one”). The title points to God’s royal splendor, which overshadows and, when transformed into fire, destroys the “majestic glory” of the king of Assyria (v. 16b).

[10:17]  ⁵ sn See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in 1:4.

[10:17]  ⁶ tn Heb “his.” In vv. 17-19 the Assyrian king and his empire is compared to a great forest and orchard that are destroyed by fire (symbolic of the Lord).

[10:18]  ⁷ tn Heb “from breath to flesh it will destroy.” The expression “from breath to flesh” refers to the two basic components of a person, the immaterial (life’s breath) and the material (flesh). Here the phrase is used idiomatically to indicate totality.

[10:18]  ⁸ tn The precise meaning of this line is uncertain. מָסַס (masas), which is used elsewhere of substances dissolving or melting, may here mean “waste away” or “despair.” נָסַס (nasas), which appears only here, may mean “be sick” or “stagger, despair.” See BDB 651 s.v. I נָסַס and HALOT 703 s.v. I נסס. One might translate the line literally, “like the wasting away of one who is sick” (cf. NRSV “as when an invalid wastes away”).

[10:19]  ⁹ tn Heb “and the rest of the trees of his forest will be counted, and a child will record them.”

[37:24]  ¹⁰ tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).

[37:24]  ¹¹ tn Heb “the height of its extremity”; ASV “its farthest height.”

[37:25]  ¹² tc The Hebrew text has simply, “I dug and drank water.” But the parallel text in 2 Kgs 19:24 has “foreign waters.” זָרִים (zarim, “foreign”) may have accidentally dropped out of the Isaianic text by homoioteleuton (cf. NCV, NIV, NLT). Note that the preceding word, מַיִם (mayim, “water) also ends in mem (ם). The Qumran scroll 1QIsa^a has “foreign waters” for this line. However, in several other passages the 1QIsa^a scroll harmonizes with 2 Kgs 19 against the MT (Isa 36:5; 37:9, 20). Since the addition of “foreign” to this text in Isaiah by a later scribe would be more likely than its deletion, the MT reading should be accepted.

[37:26]  ¹³ tn Having quoted the Assyrian king’s arrogant words in vv. 23-24, the Lord now speaks to the king.

[37:26]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “Have you not heard?” The rhetorical question expresses the Lord’s amazement that anyone might be ignorant of what he is about to say.

[37:26]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “formed” (so KJV, ASV).

[37:26]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “and it is to cause to crash into heaps of ruins fortified cities.” The subject of the third feminine singular verb תְהִי (tÿhi) is the implied plan, referred to in the preceding lines with third feminine singular pronominal suffixes.

[37:27]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “short of hand”; KJV, ASV “of small power”; NASB “short of strength.”

[37:27]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “they are plants in the field and green vegetation.” The metaphor emphasizes how short-lived these seemingly powerful cities really were. See Ps 90:5-6; Isa 40:6-8, 24.

[37:27]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “[they are] grass on the rooftops.” See the preceding note.

[37:27]  ²⁰ tc The Hebrew text has “scorched before the standing grain” (perhaps meaning “before it reaches maturity”), but it is preferable to emend קָמָה (qamah, “standing grain”) to קָדִים (qadim, “east wind”) with the support of 1Q Isa^a; cf. J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah (NICOT), 1:657, n. 8.

[37:28]  ²¹ tc Heb “your going out and your coming in and how you have raged against me.” Several scholars have suggested that this line is probably dittographic (note the beginning of the next line). However, most English translations include the statement in question at the end of v. 28 and the beginning of v. 29. Interestingly, the LXX does not have this clause at the end of v. 28 and the Qumran scroll 1QIsa^a does not have it at the beginning of v. 29. In light of this ambiguous manuscript evidence, it appears best to retain the clause in both verses.

[37:29]  ²² tc Heb “and your complacency comes up into my ears.” The parallelism is improved if שַׁאֲנַנְךָ (sha’anankha, “your complacency”) is emended to שְׁאוֹנְךָ (shÿ’onÿkha, “your uproar”). See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 237-38. However, the LXX seems to support the MT and Sennacherib’s cavalier dismissal of Yahweh depicts an arrogant complacency (J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah [NICOT], 1:658, n. 10).

[37:29]  ²³ sn The word-picture has a parallel in Assyrian sculpture. See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 238.

[37:30]  ²⁴ tn At this point the word concerning the king of Assyria (vv. 22-29) ends and the Lord again addresses Hezekiah and the people directly (see v. 21).

[37:30]  ²⁵ tn Heb “and this is your sign.” In this case the אוֹת (’ot, “sign”) is a future reminder of God’s intervention designated before the actual intervention takes place. For similar “signs” see Exod 3:12 and Isa 7:14-25.

[37:30]  ²⁶ sn This refers to crops that grew up on their own (that is, without cultivation) from the seed planted in past years.

[37:30]  ²⁷ tn Heb “and in the second year” (so ASV).

[37:30]  ²⁸ tn Heb “in the third year” (so KJV, NAB).

[37:30]  ²⁹ tn The four plural imperatival verb forms in v. 30b are used rhetorically. The Lord commands the people to plant, harvest, etc. to emphasize the certainty of restored peace and prosperity.

[37:31]  ³⁰ tn Heb “The remnant of the house of Judah that is left will add roots below and produce fruit above.”

[37:32]  ³¹ tn Heb “the zeal of the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts].” In this context the Lord’s “zeal” refers to his intense devotion to and love for his people which prompts him to protect and restore them.

[37:33]  ³² tn Heb “there” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV). In terms of English style “here” is expected in collocation with “this” in the previous line.

[37:33]  ³³ tn Heb “[with] a shield” (so ASV, NASB, NRSV).

[37:35]  ³⁴ tn Heb “for my sake and for the sake of David my servant.”

[37:36]  ³⁵ tn Traditionally, “the angel of the Lord” (so NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).

[37:36]  ³⁶ tn The word “troops” is supplied in the translation for smoothness and clarity.

[37:36]  ³⁷ tn This refers to the Israelites and/or the rest of the Assyrian army.

[37:36]  ³⁸ tn Heb “look, all of them were dead bodies”; NLT “they found corpses everywhere.”

[37:38]  ³⁹ sn The assassination of King Sennacherib probably took place in 681 b.c.

[37:38]  ⁴⁰ tn The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.

[37:38]  ⁴¹ sn No such Mesopotamian god is presently known. Perhaps the name Nisroch is a corruption of Nusku.

[37:38]  ⁴² sn Extra-biblical sources also mention the assassination of Sennacherib, though they refer to only one assassin. See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 239-40.